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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or comparable hack is different, it will become a goal, a prize for the bad guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that's as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the files you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, a few products store your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of those products to get a feel for the different options.

After you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, since the information still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem here are the findings by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the products gathered here support AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make a digital signature that proves your document click this link came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it is all the proof you need. PKI support redirected here is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.